Which aspect of vision is related to seeing the difference between two similarly colored objects?

The ability to perceive the difference between two similarly colored objects is primarily related to contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity refers to the visual ability to distinguish between objects that may not differ significantly in color or brightness but are separated by sufficient contrast. This is an essential aspect of vision, particularly in conditions where lighting is poor or when colors are similar, as it influences one’s capacity to detect and react to objects in various environments.

In practical terms, strong contrast sensitivity allows someone to notice subtle differences in shades and textures, which is critical for tasks like driving, where recognizing road signs, pedestrians, and other vehicles can hinge on discerning slight variations in color and brightness.

The other options, while important in different contexts, do not specifically pertain to distinguishing between similar colors. For instance, field of view relates to the breadth of vision, night vision pertains to eyesight under low-light conditions, and peripheral vision involves the visual field outside the direct line of sight. Each of these has its own importance, but they do not specifically address the ability to differentiate between objects based on minute color differences, which is why contrast sensitivity is the correct choice.